Help:Semantic Internal Objects

{{TNT|Extension
|name        = Semantic Internal Objects
|status      = stable
|type1       = parser function
|hook1       = ParserFirstCallInit
|hook2       = ParserClearState
|hook3       = TitleMoveComplete
|author      = [[User:Yaron Koren|Yaron Koren]] <yaron57@gmail.com>
|image       =
|version     = 0.8.1
|update      = July 2014
|mediawiki   = 1.17 or greater
|license     = GPL-2.0+
|download    = {{TNT|WikimediaDownload|SemanticInternalObjects}}
[[#Download|See here]]
|needs-updatephp = No
|changelog   =
|description = Defines a parser function, #set_internal, that is used to define "internal objects" or "n-ary relations" within Semantic MediaWiki
|parameters  =
|rights      =
|example     =
|pagedrive1  = true
}}

'''Semantic Internal Objects''' is an extension to MediaWiki, that works in conjunction with [[Extension:Semantic MediaWiki|Semantic MediaWiki]]. It provides two parser functions, '#set_internal' and '#set_internal_recurring_event', both of which are used to define "internal objects" within the Semantic MediaWiki system. These are compound types of information, sometimes known as 'n-ary relations', that involve more than one data value associated together. Semantic Internal Objects lets you define a two-dimensional table of information on a single page, with a call to #set_internal being used to store each row. 

A simple example is in a cooking recipe: a recipe may call for 1 cup of flour, and the values "1", "cup" and "flour" must be encoded together - by themselves, the values are not meaningful (the third value has meaning, though not all of the meaning it could have).

Such compound information can also be stored via SMW itself. How and whether you should, though, depends on which version of SMW you're using:
* For versions 1.5 and 1.6 of SMW, [http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Type_Record the "Record" type] offered the ability to store compound information in a single value. Though the Record type still exists, it has major problems in flexibility and queriability, and should simply be avoided.
* For SMW 1.7, [http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Adding_subobjects subobjects] also exist. However, they lack the ability to be called without a name, which makes them unusable in the standard way they're called, which is as part of [[Extension:Semantic Forms/Defining forms#Multiple-instance_templates|multiple-instance templates]], via the [[Extension:Semantic Forms|Semantic Forms]] extension. Again, SIO has no real alternative.
* For SMW 1.8, subobjects can be called without a name, which means that they can be used in a very similar manner to SIO. In fact, if you're using SMWSQLStore3, which was added in SMW 1.8, #set_internal and #set_internal_recurring_event both simply call #subobject to store their data, making SIO a sort of alias around subobjects. 
* For SMW 1.9 and higher, the SMW function #set_recurring_event itself uses subobjects, which means that there is no longer any advantage, in terms of the data structure, to using the Semantic Internal Objects extension. However, the syntax of SIO's parser functions may still be preferable to that of SMW's corresponding functions.

This extension requires '''version 1.5.3''' or greater of Semantic MediaWiki.

==Download==
You can download the Semantic Internal Objects code, in .zip format, by clicking [https://git.wikimedia.org/zip/?r=mediawiki/extensions/SemanticInternalObjects&h=1e936bd3c544e19ea435e1bb99041b8a7cb99522&format=zip here].

You can also download the code directly via Git from the MediaWiki source code repository. From a command line, call the following:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/SemanticInternalObjects.git
</syntaxhighlight>

The code can be viewed online, with the full history for each file, {{git file|action=tree|project=mediawiki/extensions/SemanticInternalObjects|text=here}}.

{{TNT|SB Extension}}

==Installation==
To install this extension, create a 'SemanticInternalObjects' directory (either by extracting a compressed file or downloading via Git), and place this directory within the main MediaWiki 'extensions' directory. Then, in the file 'LocalSettings.php', somewhere below the inclusion of Semantic MediaWiki (both the main 'include_once' line and the 'enableSemantics' line), add the following line:

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
include_once("$IP/extensions/SemanticInternalObjects/SemanticInternalObjects.php");
</syntaxhighlight>

==Usage==
The syntax of #set_internal is as follows:

<pre><nowiki>{{#set_internal:object_to_page_property
|property1=value1
|property2=value2
...
}}</nowiki></pre>

It is very important to note that the first argument is a property pointing '''from''' the object, '''to''' the page, and not the other way around! This is a bit counter-intuitive, but it makes meaningful querying possible. (To follow the recipe example above, the value of ''object_to_page_property'' could be "Part of recipe", but not "Has ingredient".)

A sample call to #set_internal would be:

<pre><nowiki>{{#set_internal:Part of recipe
|Has quantity=1
|Has unit=cup
|Has ingredient=flour
}}</nowiki></pre>

This call would be placed in a page for a recipe, and it would define an object that had an automatically-generated name; the name generated depends on which version of SMW is used. For SMW 1.7 and lower, internal objects in a page called "Carrot cake" would have names like "Carrot cake#001", "Carrot cake#002" etc. For SMW 1.8 and higher, such internal objects would each have the name "Carrot cake#" plus a string of random numbers and letters.

Every one of these properties, including the first one ("Part of recipe" in the example) needs to be defined on its own property page - and the first needs to be of type "Page".

It should be noted that #set_internal does not display anything to the screen; display of the values has to be handled separately (this can be done easily if the function is called from a template).

===Querying internal objects===
Internal objects, once stored, can be queried as if they were wiki pages. So the following query would show a table of all the recipes that contain more than 1/2 a cup of flour, and the number of cups they contain:

<pre><nowiki>{{#ask:[[Part of recipe::+]][[Has ingredient::flour]][[Has unit::cup]][[Has quantity::>.5]]
|mainlabel=-
|? Part of recipe
|? Has quantity
}}</nowiki></pre>

Note the "mainlabel=-" parameter in the query: that hides the names of the internal objects from users, since those names are confusing and basically meaningless.

===Lists of values===
You can have #set_internal store a list of values for a property, instead of just one. To do that, you just need to append "#list" to the property name, and separate the values by commas. For instance, to record, in a page called "United States", the names of all presidents and their vice-presidents, you could have calls like:
<pre><nowiki>{{#set_internal:Is president of
|Has name=Ulysses S. Grant
|Has vice president#list=Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson
}}</nowiki></pre>

===Creating recurring events===
The [http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Recurring_events #set_recurring_event] function in Semantic MediaWiki lets you set a series of date values for a single page, representing a recurring event. '''For SMW 1.9 and higher, this call works perfectly well.''' However, for earlier versions of Semantic MediaWiki, #set_recurring_event is sometimes not an ideal solution, because individual instances of the event can't be easily separated from one another. Instead, you can call #set_internal_recurring_event, which has a syntax that's a cross between #set_internal and #set_recurring_event, and defines a separate internal object for each instance of the event, with a different date for each. This allows for precise querying and display of only those event instances that fall within a certain date range.

The (abridged) syntax for #set_internal_recurring_event is:
<pre><nowiki>{{#set_internal_recurring_event:object_to_page_property
...all parameters allowed by #set_recurring_event...
}}</nowiki></pre>

Here is an example of such a call, on a page that defines a recurring event:
<pre><nowiki>{{#set_internal_recurring_event:Is instance of
|property=Has date
|start=January 4, 2010
|end=June 8, 2011
|unit=week
|period=1
}}</nowiki></pre>

You could then display a table of all the events that happened in a certain week, along with their date, with the following call:
<pre><nowiki>{{#ask:[[Has date::>February 1, 2010]][[Has date::<February 7, 2010]]
|mainlabel=-
|?Is instance of
|?Has date
}}</nowiki></pre>

==Known issues==
''The following issues only exist when using Semantic MediaWiki with SQLStore2, i.e. before version 1.8 of SMW.''
* Having more than one call to #set_internal_recurring_event in the same page sometimes causes duplicate objects to be stored.
* It appears that, at least in some circumstances, all property names are required to have their first letter capitalized in the #set_internal call, for it to work correctly. (Though this is recommended practice anyway.)

==Bugs and feature requests==
You can use the Semantic MediaWiki mailing list, [https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/semediawiki-user semediawiki-user], for questions, suggestions or bug reports about Semantic Internal Objects. If possible, please add "[SIO]" at the beginning of the subject line, to clarify the subject matter. The extension can also be discussed via IRC at irc://irc.freenode.net/#semantic-mediawiki

You can also send specific code patches to Yaron Koren, at yaron57 -at- gmail.com.

==Authors==
Semantic Internal Objects was written by [[User:Yaron Koren|Yaron Koren]], reachable at yaron57 -at- gmail.com. Important contributions were made by Jamey Wood and MWJames.

Semantic Internal Objects was initially funded by STAR Software (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a member of the [http://www.star-group.net/ STAR Group].

==Version history==
Semantic Internal Objects is currently at version 0.8.1. See the entire [[/Version history|version history]].

[[Category:Semantic MediaWiki extensions]]